Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life

Adanna Nwadike Sociology 101-052 Professor. Wyzykowski 2/21/12 Sociology in Our measure Chapter 4 Outline affable complaisant organization and fundamental moveion in Everyday animation I. Components of complaisant complaisant structure A. spot 1. perspective is a tenderly defined slur in a group or participation characterized by certain forecasts, rights, and duties. 2. emplacement set compromises all the berthes that a soul occupies at a given time. 3. Ascribed situation is a fond jell conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in liveliness, establish on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender. . Achieved office is a fond position a somebody assumes voluntarily as a result of soulfulnessal choice, merit, or instantly effort. 5. Master term is the most of the essence(predicate) status a psyche occupies. 6. emplacement symbols material signs that inform others of a somebodys proper (postnominal) status. B. mathematical function 1. social function is a set of portal candidates associated with a given status 2. employment expectation is a groups or confederations definition of the expressive style a specific function ought to be played. 3. habit performance is how a individual truely plays the consumption. 4.Role conflict occurs when incompatible role demands atomic number 18 placed on a someone by ii or more statuses held at the same time. 5. Role stain occurs when incompatible demands argon build into a single status that a person occupies. 6. Role exit occurs when concourse disengage from social roles that have been telephone exchange to their self-identity. C. Group 1. Social Group consists of devil or more bulk who interact frequently and share a mutual identity and a palpateing of interdependence. 2. uncomplicated group is a small, less narrow group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion- ground interactions over an ex tended hitch of time. . petty(a) group is a larger, more narrow down group in which members engage in more im ain, goal-oriented relationships for a limited occlusion of time. 4. Formal organization is a extremely structured group formed for the subprogram of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. D. Social Institutions 1. Social institution is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a confederation will attempt to meet its underlying social needs. II. Societies Changes in Social social organization A. Durkheim Mechanical and constitutive(a) Solidarity . Division of struggle refers to how the various tasks of a edict are divided up and performed. 2. Mechanical solidarity refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimum division of a grind and deal liveliness united by shared out values and earthy social bonds. 3. positive solidarity refers to the social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps p ostindustrial) societies, in which raft perform very specialise tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence. B. Tonnies Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 1.Gemeinschaft is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on ad hominem bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability. 2. Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on electroneutral and narrow relationships, with little long-term shipment to the group or consensus on values. C. industrial and Postindustrial Societies 1. industrial societies are based on technology that mechanizes production. 2. Postindustrial society is one in which technology supports a service-and information-based economy.III. Social Interaction The Microlevel Perspective A. The Social reflection of Reality 1. Social twirl of Reality- the process by which our perception of globe is largely shaped by the inborn meaning that we give to an set out. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy- a tu rned belief or prediction that produces air that makes the originally false belief scratch true. B. Ethnomethodology 1. Ethnomethodology is the tuition of the commonsense knowledge that plenty use to understand the situations in which they put in themselves. C. Dramaturgical Analysis 1.Dramaturgical analysis is the sketch of social interaction that compares everyday emotional state to a theatrical presentation. 2. Impression perplexity (presentation of self) refers to races efforts to present themselves to others in charges that are most brotherly to their own interests or image. 3. Face-saving conduct refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we realise a potential or effective loss of face. D. nonverbal Communication 1. nonverbal Communication is the transfer of information amid persons without the use of words. 2. Personal space is the straightaway area surrounding a person that person claims is private.Social structure and Interaction in Ever yday animatenessAdanna Nwadike Sociology 101-052 Professor. Wyzykowski 2/21/12 Sociology in Our propagation Chapter 4 Outline Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life I. Components of Social Structure A. stead 1. berth is a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. 2. Status set compromises all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time. 3. Ascribed status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender. . Achieved status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or consume effort. 5. Master status is the most cardinal status a person occupies. 6. Status symbols material signs that inform others of a persons specific status. B. Role 1. Role is a set of mienal expectations associated with a given status 2. Role expectation is a groups or societys definition of the way a specific role ought to be played. 3. Role performance is how a person actually plays the role. 4.Role conflict occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time. 5. Role stain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies. 6. Role exit occurs when mickle disengage from social roles that have been commutation to their self-identity. C. Group 1. Social Group consists of two or more great deal who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence. 2. first group is a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time. . collateral group is a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time. 4. Formal organization is a passing str uctured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals. D. Social Institutions 1. Social institution is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its primary social needs. II. Societies Changes in Social Structure A. Durkheim Mechanical and Organic Solidarity . Division of labor refers to how the various tasks of a society are divided up and performed. 2. Mechanical solidarity refers to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of a labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds. 3. Organic solidarity refers to the social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial) societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence. B. Tonnies Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 1.Gemeinschaft is a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and ki nship and on intergenerational stability. 2. Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term shipment to the group or consensus on values. C. Industrial and Postindustrial Societies 1. Industrial societies are based on technology that mechanizes production. 2. Postindustrial society is one in which technology supports a service-and information-based economy.III. Social Interaction The Microlevel Perspective A. The Social Construction of Reality 1. Social Construction of Reality- the process by which our perception of cosmos is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience. 2. Self-fulfilling prophecy- a false belief or prediction that produces behavior that makes the originally false belief come true. B. Ethnomethodology 1. Ethnomethodology is the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they fuck off themselves. C. Dr amaturgical Analysis 1.Dramaturgical analysis is the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation. 2. Impression commission (presentation of self) refers to peoples efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most complimentary to their own interests or image. 3. Face-saving behavior refers to the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potential or actual loss of face. D. Nonverbal Communication 1. Nonverbal Communication is the transfer of information mingled with persons without the use of words. 2. Personal space is the fast area surrounding a person that person claims is private.